Basic tools to significantly improve your written expression and secure higher marks in the CSS Essay

 Basic tools to significantly improve your written expression and secure higher marks in the CSS Essay:


1. Use formal verbs instead of two-word verbs:


       ✓ increase, decrease, discuss, improve, deteriorate, continue, raise

       ✗ go up, go down, talk about, get better, get worse, go on, bring up


2. Use formal vocabulary:


✓ Many fathers nowadays...

       ✗ Many dads these days...


       ✓ Major urban centres, such as London and Beijing...

       ✗ Major urban centres, like London and Beijing...


       ✓ There are a significant number of people who believe...

       ✗ There are lots of people who believe...


       ✓ There are three main reasons for this.

       ✗ There are 3 main reasons for this.


3. Do not use too many simple, small sentences:


     ✓ The increasing pollution of the environment is a global concern.

       ✗ The environment is increasingly polluted. This is a global concern.


       ✓ Note-taking, which is an important skill for EAP students, is difficult to master.

       ✗ Note-taking is an important skill for EAP students. It is difficult to master.


4. Use statements. Avoid rhetorical questions, which are less formal (though these are common in spoken academic English, i.e. lectures and presentations):


       ✓ There were four main reasons for the decline.

       ✗ What were the reasons for the decline?


       ✓ Written English is different from spoken English.

       ✗ How are written and spoken English different?


5. Avoid personal pronouns (I, we, you, etc.) and adverbs which show your feeling (e.g. luckily, remarkably, amazingly):


       ✓There are three main problems.

       ✗I can think of three main problems.


       ✓ In the experiment, the water was heated...

       ✗ In the experiment, I heated the water...


        ✓ There were very few errors in the experiment.

        ✗ Amazingly there were very few errors in the experiment.


6. Use tentative language, such as 'possibly', 'probably', 'may', 'might', 'appears to', and 'seems to' to qualify statements. Avoid absolute statements and words such as 'always':


       ✓ Education may reduce crime.

       ✓ It appears that education reduces crime.

       ✗ Education reduces crime.


       ✓ This is possibly caused by the effects of global warming.

       ✓ This may be caused by the effects of global warming.

       ✗ This is caused by the effects of global warming.


       ✓ ESL students often make mistakes with tenses.

       ✗ ESL students always make mistakes with tenses.

#Css #EnglishEssay #WrittenExpression

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