CSS PMS Political Science - Topic Daily Routines and Duties of “Amir”
π Daily Routines and Duties of “Amir”
Al-Ghazali says that the daily routines of an Amir should be following:
1. The Amir, after morning prayers, should go out riding in order to have investigation in
person about wrongs done to his subject.
2. He should then sit in court and permit all and sundry to have a direct access so that he
might have first-hand information about any complaints.
3. The ruler should make a point of taking advice from simple men of knowledge,
intelligence and experience.
4. The ruler must extend interviews to foreign ambassadors and envoys. He should be well-
versed in diplomacy and politics.
5. Al-Ghazali strictly warns the Amir against too much indulgence in drink, chess or hunting
and says that the best mode of simple life be practiced.
6. The Amir and good kings should used to divide their time in four parts, setting apart one
for prayers, another for state affairs, justice and counsel of the learned about the affairs of
the state, the third for food and rest, and the last for recreation and hunting.
7. He is very particular that the Amir should not pay head to the advice offered by his
women favorites, and quotes the instance of Umar who actually divorced his favorite wife
when he was elated to his exalted office for fear of being influenced by her in state affairs.
8. Al-Ghazali warns that the ruler must not show them any favoritism, but instead must
Rosenthal said, “Al-Ghazali proceeds to enumerate the virtues by which the Imam
must be distinguished in order to lead men entrusted to his care to the goal which
the Sharia has set for men. Although we meet with the qualifications stipulated by
Al-Mawardi they are partly modified to meet the general political situation and the
particular case of Al-Mustazhir. Ability to wage jihad is conditioned by the
possession of power and courage. It has always been considered one of the
foremost duties of the Caliph. But Al-Ghazali faced with a young Caliph and a
powerful Seljuq master, explains away its absence in Al-Mustazhir by pointing to
the Shawka, the force and power of the Seljuqs which guarantees the najda
required of the Caliph. He wants to think of them not as independent rulers but as
the loyal servants of the Caliph.”
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